Sun Protection and Sunscreens: A Dermatologist's Perspective

Sunlight is an indispensable part of our lives. The sun is essential for the continuation of life on Earth and has many positive effects on human health. Sunlight is particularly crucial for the synthesis of vitamin D. However, the harmful effects of the sun cannot be ignored. Prolonged and unprotected exposure to the sun can cause severe damage to the skin. In this article, I will discuss the importance of sun protection, the use of sunscreens, and sunburns.

The Harmful Effects of Sun Exposure

Sunlight is primarily composed of two types of ultraviolet (UV) rays: UVA and UVB. UVA rays penetrate the deeper layers of the skin, causing long-term damage and skin aging. UVB rays, on the other hand, damage the outer layers of the skin, leading to sunburn and potentially causing skin cancer. The short-term effects of sun exposure include sunburn, redness, and pain in the skin. The long-term effects include skin cancer, photoaging (sun-induced aging), skin spots, and loss of elasticity. Therefore, sun protection is crucial for maintaining healthy skin.

Choosing the Right Sunscreen

Sunscreens are products designed to protect the skin from the harmful effects of UV rays. There are several important factors to consider when selecting a sunscreen:

• Broad-Spectrum Protection: Choose a sunscreen that provides broad-spectrum protection against both UVA and UVB rays.
• SPF (Sun Protection Factor): SPF indicates the level of protection against UVB rays. For daily use, a minimum of SPF 30 is recommended, while SPF 50 or higher is suggested for outdoor activities.
• Water Resistance: Opt for water-resistant sunscreens that remain effective during swimming or sweating.

Sunscreens and Their Proper Use

When applying sunscreen, it's essential to follow these guidelines:

• Sufficient Quantity: Use an adequate amount of sunscreen. Approximately a teaspoon of sunscreen is sufficient for the face and neck.
• Regular Application: Apply sunscreen at least 15-30 minutes before going outside and reapply every two hours. Reapply more frequently after swimming or heavy sweating.
• Apply to All Exposed Areas: Sunscreen should be applied not only to the face but also to all exposed areas such as the ears, neck, hands, and feet.

Sunburns

Sunburn is an acute inflammatory reaction in the skin caused by excessive exposure to UVB rays. Sunburns can range from mild redness to severe blisters and peeling. The treatment and prevention of sunburns include the following:

Treatment of Sunburns

• Cooling: Apply cold compresses or take a cool shower on the affected area. This helps relieve pain and reduce inflammation.
• Moisturization: Apply soothing and moisturizing products like aloe vera to the sunburned area.
• Hydration: Sunburns can cause the skin to lose water, so it's important to drink plenty of fluids.
• Pain Relievers: In some cases, topical or oral pain relievers may be recommended to alleviate discomfort.

Prevention of Sunburns

The most effective way to prevent sunburn is to avoid excessive sun exposure. Therefore:

• Avoid the Sun During Peak Hours: Try to stay out of the sun between 10:00 AM and 4:00 PM when the sun's rays are strongest.
• Wear Protective Clothing: Use protective clothing, wide-brimmed hats, and UV-filtered sunglasses.
• Seek Shade: Make an effort to stay in the shade whenever possible.

Conclusion

Protecting yourself from the harmful effects of sunlight is vital for maintaining healthy skin. When used correctly and regularly, sunscreens provide effective protection against the harmful effects of the sun. Preventing and treating sunburns requires taking necessary precautions and paying close attention to skin health. Remember, healthy skin is the key to a healthy life.

Wishing you sunny and healthy days…

Spc. Dr. Egi Enkhjargal Losol
Dermatologist