5 Most Common Women's Health Conditions

What are the 5 Most Common Gynecological Diseases?

Menstrual Irregularities

Menstrual irregularities are not uncommon among healthy women of reproductive age. The normal menstrual cycle should fall between 21 to 35 days. Any deviations outside of this range are considered abnormal and may require diagnosis and treatment. During adolescence and approaching menopause, it is natural for menstrual patterns to vary. However, irregularities beyond these life stages should be addressed and treated accordingly.

Treatment: If the diagnosis indicates abnormality, hormone-regulating medication can be prescribed. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary. Treatment options can also include hormone-releasing intrauterine devices or short-term drug therapies, depending on the woman's age and specific condition.

Vaginal Discharge

Vaginal discharge can have various causes and may negatively impact a woman's quality of life. Common reasons for vaginal discharge include:

• Bacterial or Fungal Infections: Imbalance in vaginal flora can lead to bacterial or fungal infections, resulting in abnormal discharge.
• Unhygienic Conditions or Incorrect Use of Chemicals: Using improper products for vaginal hygiene or being in unhygienic environments can cause abnormal discharge.
• Irritation from Tight and Uncomfortable Clothing: Wearing tight underwear or uncomfortable clothing can irritate the vaginal area and lead to abnormal discharge.
• Irregular and Unhealthy Diet: Unhealthy eating habits can cause hormonal imbalances and disrupt the vaginal flora, leading to abnormal discharge.

Treatment: Treatment for vaginal discharge depends on its underlying cause. In the case of bacterial infections or vaginal flora imbalances, treatment may involve using vaginal suppositories or creams. Additionally, creating a hygienic environment and choosing clothing that does not cause irritation are essential. Maintaining a healthy diet is also crucial for vaginal health.

Endometriosis (Chocolate Cysts)

Endometriosis, commonly known as chocolate cysts, refers to the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterus. It affects approximately 200 million women worldwide, with around 2 million cases reported in Turkey. Endometriosis is recognized as a significant cause of infertility, and while it often remains asymptomatic, it can occasionally cause pain and cramping.

Causes of Endometriosis:

• Environmental Factors
• Immune System Disorders
• Retrograde Menstrual Flow
• Genetic Factors
• Unhealthy and Irregular Diet

Treatment: Treatment for chocolate cysts may vary depending on the diagnosis. Hormonal medications, laparoscopy, and laparotomy (surgical operations), physiotherapy, psychological support, and herbal medicine are among the available treatment options. It is important to note that endometriosis has a high recurrence rate, making effective treatment and regular follow-up essential.

Fibroids: Benign Tumors and Treatment

Fibroids are benign tumors that develop in the uterus and are commonly seen between the ages of 25 and 35. Increased estrogen levels during pregnancy are a contributing factor. Fortunately, after childbirth, when estrogen levels return to normal, fibroids often shrink. Despite being benign, fibroids should not be taken lightly, and caution should be exercised.

Treatment: Fibroids often require surgical intervention. Depending on their size and frequency, some cases may involve medical treatment as well. Surgical procedures, such as myomectomy (removal of the tumor) or hysterectomy (removal of the uterus), are performed based on the size of the tumor and the patient's overall health condition. Fibroids may cause specific symptoms that can negatively affect a woman's quality of life, such as pain, pelvic discomfort, frequent urination, and irregular menstrual bleeding. In the presence of such symptoms, it is crucial to consult a healthcare professional for examination and appropriate management.

Cervical Cancer: A Cancer Type Associated with HPV

Cervical cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women, arising from malignant tumors in the cervix. The primary cause of cervical cancer is the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). There are numerous strains of HPV, with most transmitted through sexual contact. Therefore, unprotected sexual intercourse increases the risk of contracting the HPV virus, leading to cervical cancer.

HPV infections can sometimes be mistaken for skin growths, such as warts seen on the hands and other parts of the body. However, the HPV strains causing such skin conditions do not lead to cervical cancer. Instead, cervical cancer-causing HPV strains persist in the tissues of the cervix, providing a conducive environment for cancer development.

Treatment: Early diagnosis of cervical cancer is crucial. Regular Pap Smear tests are recommended to screen for any abnormalities. The Pap Smear test involves examining cervical cells to detect early signs of cancer or precancerous lesions.

The treatment for cervical cancer varies depending on the stage and extent of the disease. It may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgical interventions. Regular health check-ups and adopting a conscious lifestyle are important steps in reducing the risk of cervical cancer.