Myofascial Pain Syndrome

What is Myofascial Pain Syndrome?

Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is a type of soft tissue rheumatism that causes spasms in the skeletal muscles, particularly in the shoulder, neck, and back muscles. Regional pain that occurs even with pressure or touch in the shoulder, neck, and back areas is commonly observed. These pains are characterized by taut bands and trigger points in the muscles, which lead to referred pain. This is a distinctive feature of Myofascial Pain Syndrome. The pain can be localized in the body or can be felt more widespread. Along with pain, sensitivity and muscle weakness also occur.

What are the Causes of Myofascial Pain Syndrome?

The factors contributing to the development of Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) can vary. Here are some common causes involved in the formation of MPS:

• Muscle Injuries: Injuries such as strains, pulls, or tears in the muscles can lead to MPS. Acute trauma, falls, excessive exertion during sports activities, or muscle spasms can cause the formation of trigger points in the muscles.
• Repetitive Movements: Repetitive movements can result in constant overuse and excessive strain on specific muscle groups. This can lead to muscle tension and trigger point formation. For example, working for long hours in front of a computer or engaging in occupations that require repetitive hand movements can increase the risk of MPS.
• Incorrect Posture and Movement Patterns: Incorrect posture, poor ergonomics, and improper body alignment during movements can cause muscle imbalances and tension. This can contribute to the development of MPS. For instance, constantly working in a bent or twisted position can lead to issues in the spine and neck muscles.
• Stress: Stress can cause muscle tension and muscle contractions. When under stress, the muscles in the body often tighten and become tense. Prolonged stress can trigger the formation of trigger points in the muscles and contribute to the development of MPS.
• Muscle Tension and Abnormalities: Some individuals may naturally have muscle tightness or abnormalities. For example, certain muscle groups may be more tense in some individuals, or some muscle groups may be weaker compared to others. This condition can lead to muscle imbalances and the formation of trigger points, increasing the risk of MPS.
• Postural Distortions: Incorrect posture or alignment can cause muscles to work in an imbalanced manner and experience excessive strain. For example, postural distortions such as weak back muscles or forward shoulder position can contribute to the development of MPS.
• Trauma: Damage to the muscles following an accident, impact, or traumatic event can lead to Myofascial Pain Syndrome. In such cases, pain, tension, and trigger points can develop in the muscles.

Multiple factors can contribute to the development of MPS, and they can vary among individuals. During the treatment process, it is important to identify these causes and determine an appropriate treatment approach. A physiotherapist can assess the individual's condition and create a treatment plan that focuses on addressing the underlying causes.

What are the Clinical Symptoms?

MPS causes spasms in the muscles, resulting in compression of capillaries and compression of small nerve endings. As a result, there is a constant and burning pain felt in these areas. The pain occurs in the joints and muscles, negatively affecting the body's functionality and mobility. Symptoms such as limited joint movements, muscle spasms, and general fatigue can be observed. Additionally, complaints such as sleep disorders, sweating, chills, or hot flashes may occur. The intensity of pain can be influenced by factors such as stress, cold weather, irregular sleep, and infections.

Difficulties and stiffness can be experienced when getting up in the morning. Pain that radiates to the head and neck region can occur due to stiffness in the neck. Additionally, symptoms resembling a herniated disc can be observed in the lumbar region.

How is Myofascial Pain Syndrome Diagnosed?

The diagnosis of MPS is primarily based on medical history and physical examination by healthcare professionals. However, the specific observation of pain and its increase upon the application of pressure with fingertips can be indicative for diagnosis.

How is Myofascial Pain Syndrome Treated?

The primary goal of treatment is to deactivate the trigger point that develops in tense muscle fibers, reduce pain and muscle spasms, and break the pain-spasm-pain cycle. Stretching exercises can effectively deactivate trigger points in myofascial pain. Trigger point therapy is one of the most effective methods in this regard. Additionally, manual therapy, GTOS therapy, massage, Graston technique, acupuncture, exercise combined with spray, and electrotherapy are physiotherapy methods that can provide rapid and effective results. These methods can be easily applied to individuals of all age groups as they do not cause any discomfort. Analgesics, muscle relaxants, and antidepressant medications can be used under medical supervision. Trigger point injections can also be administered.