Flu During Pregnancy

As a Specialist in Obstetrics and Gynecology, I closely monitor the effects of infections such as the flu on both the mother and the baby during pregnancy. During this period, the natural weakening of the immune system makes expectant mothers more vulnerable to infections. The flu can be a serious health concern during pregnancy; therefore, knowing the methods of prevention and how to manage the illness is of vital importance.

Why Is the Flu Important During Pregnancy?

Pregnancy is a period in which physiological changes in the body rapidly increase. The immune system is slightly suppressed during pregnancy to prevent the rejection of the fetus. This makes the mother more susceptible to infections. Exposure to the flu virus can lead to serious complications, especially during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. The flu may progress more severely in pregnant women because the body’s ability to fight infections is limited. Complications such as pneumonia may develop, posing risks to both maternal and fetal health.

Effects of the Flu on the Baby

The flu not only affects the expectant mother but can also negatively impact the baby’s health. High fever and a widespread infection in the body can lead to birth defects, increased risk of miscarriage, and preterm birth. Particularly in early pregnancy, high fever has been associated with developmental disorders such as neural tube defects.
Therefore, a pregnant woman experiencing flu symptoms should seek medical attention without delay and take the necessary precautions.

Ways to Prevent the Flu During Pregnancy

Several important steps must be taken to prevent the flu during pregnancy. One of the most important measures is getting the flu vaccine before or in the early months of pregnancy. The flu vaccine is the most effective way to protect both the mother and the baby after birth. It is safe during pregnancy and has no harmful effects.

1. Flu Vaccine: The World Health Organization (WHO) and many health authorities recommend that pregnant women get vaccinated against the flu. The flu vaccine is made from inactivated viruses, so it does not harm the fetus. The vaccine strengthens the mother's immune system and protects her from the flu. It also passes antibodies to the baby, helping protect the newborn in the first few months of life.
2. Following Hygiene Rules: Adhering to hygiene practices is critical in flu prevention. Washing hands frequently, avoiding crowded and enclosed spaces, and limiting contact with people who are sick with the flu reduce the risk of exposure.
3. Strengthening the Immune System: A balanced and healthy diet, adequate fluid intake, and regular sleep are key factors that support the immune system. The need for vitamins and minerals increases during pregnancy. Consuming immune-boosting nutrients such as vitamin C, vitamin D, and zinc can help in preventing the flu.
4. Rest and Stress Management: Rest is extremely important during pregnancy. Stress can weaken the immune system and increase susceptibility to illness. Regular sleep and avoiding stress are beneficial for the health of both the mother and the baby.

Treatment of the Flu During Pregnancy

When flu symptoms appear during pregnancy, it is essential to follow a treatment plan under medical supervision. Illnesses caused by the flu virus are generally managed with supportive care, but treatment during pregnancy must be approached more cautiously. It is crucial that pregnant women do not take medication on their own, as some drugs can be harmful to the baby.

1. Medication: In treating the flu during pregnancy, safe antiviral medications may be prescribed by a doctor. These medications can help alleviate symptoms and shorten the duration of the illness, especially when started early. However, the use of aspirin and some NSAIDs (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) is not recommended during pregnancy, as they can negatively affect fetal development.
2. Increased Fluid Intake and Rest: The body’s need for fluids increases during the flu. Drinking plenty of water, herbal teas, or fruit juices helps the body fight the illness more effectively. Adequate rest supports the recovery of the immune system.
3. Fever Reducers: Since high fever can be dangerous during pregnancy, acetaminophen-containing fever reducers may be used under medical supervision. Promptly controlling the fever reduces risks for both the mother and the baby.

Distinguishing Between Flu and COVID-19 During Pregnancy

In recent years, the COVID-19 pandemic has emerged as a respiratory infection with symptoms that may resemble the flu. Although flu and COVID-19 show similar symptoms, there are fundamental differences between the two diseases. It can be difficult for a pregnant woman to distinguish between them. Therefore, a pregnant woman showing flu symptoms should also be tested for COVID-19.

COVID-19 can lead to serious complications during pregnancy, making the distinction between these two infections important. Co-infection with both the flu and COVID-19 can further complicate the situation, making rapid diagnosis and treatment essential.

Conclusion

The flu during pregnancy is an infection that can cause serious outcomes for both the mother and the baby. However, with proper precautions and appropriate treatments, this period can be managed in a healthy way. Getting the flu vaccine, following hygiene guidelines, strengthening the immune system, and promptly consulting a doctor when flu symptoms arise are the most effective ways to protect against the flu during pregnancy. Remember, if you experience flu symptoms during this period, you must consult a healthcare professional to be guided toward the most appropriate treatment.

Op. Dr. Birsen Bilge
Specialist in Obstetrics and Gynecology